Solar Technician Career Guide: Salary and Job Overview

The solar energy industry is experiencing rapid growth as more individuals, businesses, and governments turn to renewable energy sources to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. As the demand for clean energy increases, the role of solar technicians has become more crucial than ever. 

Solar technicians are the skilled professionals responsible for installing, maintaining, and repairing solar panel systems that harness the sun’s power to generate electricity. These technicians play a vital role in ensuring the efficiency and reliability of solar energy systems, making them an integral part of the green energy workforce.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the employment of solar photovoltaic (PV) installers is projected to grow at a much faster rate than the average for all occupations. This growth is driven by the decreasing cost of solar panels and an increasing emphasis on renewable energy. 

As the industry expands, so does the need for qualified solar technicians who can contribute to the development and maintenance of sustainable energy solutions.

Job Definition: What Is a Solar Technician?

A solar technician, also known as a solar PV installer, is a professional who specializes in installing, maintaining, and repairing solar power systems. These systems convert sunlight into electricity, providing a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source. 

Solar technicians work on various projects, ranging from residential rooftop installations to large-scale solar farms. Their expertise is essential for ensuring that solar panels and systems are correctly installed, safely operated, and efficiently maintained.

Solar technicians are trained to handle the complexities of solar technology, including understanding electrical systems, performing site assessments, and adhering to local building codes and regulations. Their work involves a combination of physical labor, technical knowledge, and problem-solving skills to ensure that solar energy systems operate at optimal performance.

Solar Technician Job Description

Solar technicians are responsible for a wide range of tasks that involve the installation, maintenance, and repair of solar power systems. They work closely with other professionals, such as electricians and engineers, to ensure that solar installations are completed safely and efficiently. Their job involves various aspects, including electrical work, mechanical assembly, and customer service.

Solar Technician Job Duties

Solar technicians perform a variety of duties, such as the following:

• Installing Solar Panels: Solar technicians are responsible for mounting and securing solar panels on rooftops, ground mounts, or other structures using various tools and equipment. This involves wiring the panels to the electrical system and ensuring that they are positioned correctly to maximize sunlight exposure.
• Conducting System Tests: They are responsible for testing solar panels and electrical systems to ensure they are functioning correctly and efficiently. This includes using testing equipment to measure voltage, current, and resistance.
• Performing Routine Maintenance: They inspect solar panels and systems for signs of wear, damage, or malfunction. This may involve cleaning panels, tightening connections, and replacing damaged components.
• Troubleshooting and Repairs: Solar technicians are responsible for diagnosing and fixing issues with solar panels, inverters, and other system components. This may require repairing or replacing faulty equipment and ensuring the system is back online quickly.
• Ensuring Safety Compliance: They must adhere to safety protocols and regulations when installing and maintaining solar systems. This includes using personal protective equipment (PPE) and following electrical codes and standards.

Solar Technician Responsibilities

In addition to their technical duties, solar technicians have responsibilities that are essential for the successful implementation of solar projects, such as the following:

• System Monitoring and Optimization: Solar technicians are responsible for monitoring the performance of solar systems to ensure they are operating at maximum efficiency. This may involve using software tools to track energy production and system health.
• Client Interaction: They educate customers on how their solar power system works, how to monitor its performance, and what to do in case of an issue. They also provide guidance on maintenance and answer any questions the client may have.
• Documentation and Reporting: They keep accurate records of installations, maintenance activities, and repairs. This includes documenting system specifications, test results, and any modifications made to the system.
• Staying Informed on Industry Developments: They must stay up-to-date with advancements in solar technology, installation techniques, and industry best practices to ensure high-quality service and compliance with current standards.

By combining technical expertise with a commitment to safety and customer service, solar technicians play a vital role in the solar energy industry, helping to make renewable energy more accessible and reliable.

Work Settings: Where Do Solar Technicians Work?

Solar technicians can find employment in various settings, each offering unique challenges and opportunities. Their work environments can range from outdoor installations to manufacturing facilities. Understanding the diversity of these settings helps prospective solar technicians decide where they might want to focus their career.

• Residential Installations: Solar technicians frequently work on installing solar panel systems on residential rooftops. This involves working directly with homeowners to design and implement systems that meet their energy needs. Working on residential installations requires attention to detail and customer service skills, as technicians often explain system operations to homeowners.
• Commercial Projects: Commercial settings include office buildings, shopping centers, and industrial facilities. Technicians working on these projects install larger systems that require more extensive planning and coordination. Commercial installations often involve working with electrical contractors and engineers to ensure the system integrates smoothly with existing infrastructure.
• Utility-Scale Solar Farms: Solar technicians may work on large-scale solar farms that generate power for the electrical grid. These projects involve installing and maintaining hundreds or thousands of solar panels over large areas. Working on solar farms typically requires a deeper understanding of electrical systems and grid integration.
• Manufacturing and Testing Facilities: Some solar technicians work in manufacturing settings where they assemble and test solar panels and related equipment. This role involves quality control and ensuring that products meet industry standards before they are shipped for installation.
• Government and Educational Institutions: Solar technicians may also be employed by government agencies or educational institutions that have invested in solar energy. These settings provide opportunities to work on specialized projects, such as research installations or public infrastructure upgrades.

Solar Technician Education Requirements

Becoming a solar technician typically requires a combination of formal education, technical training, and hands-on experience. While some employers may hire technicians with a high school diploma and on-the-job training, many prefer candidates who have completed post-secondary education in a relevant field.

• High School Diploma: The minimum educational requirement for a solar technician is a high school diploma or equivalent. High school students interested in this career should focus on courses in mathematics, physics, and electronics to build a strong foundation in the technical aspects of solar energy. These individuals often receive on-the-job training or training through an apprenticeship.
• Technical Training Programs: Many community colleges and technical schools offer diploma or certificate programs specifically designed for aspiring solar technicians. These programs provide training in areas such as electrical systems, solar panel installation, and renewable energy technology. Some programs may also include coursework on safety procedures and building codes.
• Associate Degree in Renewable Energy Technology: Pursuing an associate degree in renewable energy technology or a related field can enhance job prospects and provide a more comprehensive education in solar energy systems. These programs typically cover topics such as photovoltaic system design, electrical wiring, and energy storage solutions.
• Continuing Education and Workshops: As the solar industry evolves, it is important for technicians to stay current with the latest advancements in technology and installation techniques. Many institutions and organizations offer continuing education courses and workshops to help technicians maintain their skills and knowledge.

Solar Technician Certification and Licensure Requirements

Certification and licensure are crucial components for solar technicians, as they demonstrate a level of competence and professionalism that can enhance job prospects and credibility in the industry. While certification is not always mandatory, many employers prefer or require it. Licensure may be required in some states, depending on the scope of work.

National Certifications

• NABCEP Certification: The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) is the most recognized certification organization for solar professionals. The NABCEP PV installation professional (PVIP) certification is a widely respected credential that demonstrates a technician’s knowledge and skills in the field. To be eligible for this certification, candidates must meet certain education and experience requirements and pass a comprehensive exam. The organization also offers certifications for PV designers, maintenance technicians, inspectors, and sales associates.
• NABCEP Entry-Level Exam: For those new to the field, the NABCEP offers an entry-level exam that covers the basics of photovoltaic systems and installation practices. This certification can help entry-level technicians demonstrate their foundational knowledge to employers.
• ETA International Certification: ETA International offers certifications for a range of technical professionals, including photovoltaic installer level 1, photovoltaic installer/designer (PV2), and photovoltaic solar selling (PVSS) credentials.

State Licensure

• State-Specific Requirements: Some states require solar technicians to hold an electrician’s license or a specific solar contractor’s license. These requirements vary by state and may involve completing an approved training program, passing an exam, and completing a certain number of hours of supervised work experience.
• License Renewal and Continuing Education: In states where licensure is required, technicians must often renew their licenses periodically, which may involve completing continuing education courses to stay current with changes in industry standards and building codes.

Additional Certifications

• OSHA Safety Certification: Safety is paramount in solar installations, so many employers require technicians to have Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) certification. OSHA 10-hour and 30-hour courses provide training on safety procedures and best practices for working on construction sites and with electrical systems.
• Manufacturer-Specific Training: Some solar equipment manufacturers offer training and certification programs for their products. These programs teach technicians how to install and service specific solar panels, inverters, and other components, ensuring they are knowledgeable about the latest technology and product specifications.

Obtaining the right certifications and licenses not only enhances a solar technician’s qualifications but also contributes to the overall quality and safety of solar installations.

Solar Technician Salary

Solar technicians’ salaries can vary significantly based on factors such as experience, location, level of certification, and the size and scope of the projects they work on. As the demand for renewable energy continues to grow, solar technicians are finding competitive compensation in various settings.

Average Solar Technician Salary

According to the BLS, as of May 2023, the median annual wage for solar PV installers is $48,800, with an hourly wage of approximately $23.46. The median wage represents the wage at which half the workers in the occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. 

Highest Solar Technician Salary

The highest-paying jobs for solar technicians often involve specialized roles or working on large-scale projects. Technicians with advanced certifications, such as those from the North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP), and those with several years of experience can command higher salaries. According to BLS data, the top 10% of solar PV installers earn more than $73,560 annually.

Data from Payscale indicates that the average hourly rate for solar energy system installers can range from $17 to $30, with the potential for higher earnings based on experience and location. Those with extensive experience or specialized skills, such as system design or advanced troubleshooting, may earn salaries at the higher end of the scale.

Highest Paying States for Solar Technicians

Geographical location significantly influences the earning potential for solar technicians. Salaries may be higher in regions with high electricity costs, strong solar incentives, and extensive solar infrastructure. 

As of May 2023, the BLS reports that the highest-paying states for solar PV installers include:

• Alaska: $71,150 annual mean wage
• Michigan: $65,300 annual mean wage
• Hawaii: $63,870 annual mean wage
• New Jersey: $63,250 annual mean wage
• Maryland: $58,340 annual mean wage

Solar Technician Job Growth

The job outlook for solar technicians is extremely positive, with the solar industry experiencing rapid growth due to increasing demand for renewable energy sources. 

The BLS projects that employment for solar photovoltaic installers will grow by 48% from 2023 to 2033. This growth rate is much faster than the average for all occupations and reflects the ongoing shift toward clean energy solutions.

Factors Driving Job Growth

Several factors contribute to the strong job outlook for solar technicians:

• Declining Costs of Solar Technology: The cost of solar panels and associated technology has decreased significantly in recent years, making solar power more accessible for residential and commercial customers. This affordability has led to a surge in demand for solar installations.
• Government Incentives and Policies: Federal and state governments continue to offer tax credits, rebates, and other incentives to encourage the adoption of solar energy. These policies support the expansion of the solar industry and create more job opportunities for technicians.
• Increased Environmental Awareness: Growing concerns about climate change and the environmental impact of fossil fuels have led to increased interest in renewable energy sources. Solar power is seen as a key component of a sustainable energy future, driving the demand for skilled technicians to install and maintain solar systems.
• Advancements in Solar Technology: Ongoing advancements in solar panel efficiency, energy storage solutions, and smart grid integration are creating new opportunities for solar technicians. As technology evolves, technicians need to stay updated with the latest innovations to remain competitive in the job market.

Job Opportunities and Career Advancement

The strong job growth in the solar industry translates into numerous opportunities for solar technicians, from entry-level positions to more advanced roles. Technicians with additional certifications, such as NABCEP, or specialized skills in areas like solar system design, energy storage, or project management, can find themselves in high demand.

Moreover, solar technicians can advance their careers by moving into supervisory or managerial roles, becoming project managers, or even starting their own solar installation businesses. With the solar industry’s continued expansion, the demand for skilled and knowledgeable solar technicians is expected to remain robust, offering a promising career path for those interested in renewable energy.

Solar Technician FAQ

What Education Do I Need to Become a Solar Technician?

To become a solar technician, the minimum educational requirement is typically a high school diploma or equivalent. However, many employers prefer candidates who have completed technical training programs or hold an associate degree in renewable energy technology or a related field. These programs provide essential knowledge in areas such as electrical systems, solar panel installation, and safety protocols.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Solar Technician?

The time it takes to become a solar technician varies depending on the educational path chosen. Completing a technical training program can take anywhere from a few months to a year, while obtaining an associate degree typically requires two years of full-time study. After completing formal education, gaining on-the-job experience or an internship can provide additional training. Overall, it can take between six months to two years to become a fully qualified solar technician.

How Much Do Solar Technicians Make?

Solar technicians’ salaries vary based on experience, location, and certifications. As of May 2023, the median annual wage for solar photovoltaic installers is $48,800 according to the BLS. Entry-level technicians may start with a lower salary, but as they gain experience and obtain certifications, their earning potential increases. The highest 10% of earners in this field can make more than $70,230 annually.

What Skills Do I Need to Be a Solar Technician?

Solar technicians need a blend of technical and interpersonal skills to perform their job effectively:

• Technical Skills: Knowledge of electrical systems, the ability to read blueprints and schematics, and proficiency with hand and power tools are essential. Technicians must also understand how to install, maintain, and troubleshoot solar panel systems.
• Problem-Solving Skills: Solar technicians must be able to diagnose and resolve issues with solar systems. This requires analytical thinking and the ability to apply technical knowledge to real-world problems.
• Physical Stamina: The job often involves working outdoors, climbing ladders, and lifting heavy equipment, so physical fitness is important.
• Attention to Detail: Accurate installation and maintenance are critical to ensure the safety and efficiency of solar systems. Technicians must pay close attention to electrical codes and safety standards.
• Customer Service Skills: Solar technicians frequently interact with clients, explaining system operations and maintenance. Good communication skills are important to provide clear information and ensure customer satisfaction.

Are There Internship/Apprenticeship Opportunities for Solar Technicians?

Yes, there are numerous internship and apprenticeship opportunities for aspiring solar technicians. Many technical schools and community colleges offer programs that include hands-on training and internships with solar companies. These opportunities provide valuable on-the-job experience and can be a great way to learn the practical skills needed for a career in solar energy. Apprenticeships typically combine classroom instruction with paid on-the-job training, allowing individuals to earn while they learn and gain industry-recognized credentials.

Explore Education Options for a Solar Technician Career

The career of a solar technician offers a rewarding path in the growing renewable energy industry. With a focus on installing, maintaining, and repairing solar power systems, solar technicians play a crucial role in the transition to clean energy. The demand for skilled solar technicians is expected to remain strong, driven by technological advancements, declining costs of solar technology, and an increased emphasis on sustainable energy sources.

Whether starting with a high school diploma, pursuing a technical training program, or obtaining advanced certifications, there are multiple pathways into this field. Solar technicians have the opportunity to work in various settings, from residential and commercial installations to utility-scale solar farms, with the potential for career advancement and competitive salaries. For those interested in a hands-on, impactful career that contributes to environmental sustainability, becoming a solar technician is a compelling choice.